Auction 100 – Important Hebrew Manuscripts and Books from the Victor (Avigdor) Klagsbald Collection
Manuscript – Romaniote-Rite Machzor – Corfu, 17th Century – Unique Texts and Customs
Opening: $2,500
Estimate: $4,000 - $6,000
Sold for: $13,750
Including buyer's premium
Manuscript, high holiday machzor according to the Corfu Romaniote rite. [Corfu (Greece), ca. 17th century].
Neat scribal writing, in square and semi-cursive script. Vocalized by another writer, in lighter ink.
The unique Corfu rite has never been printed, and is preserved only in manuscripts. It is based on the Romaniote rite prayers and piyyutim (of Greece and Byzantium). The present manuscript preserves the ancient Romaniote prayer version, before it was permeated by Sephardic customs, and it also preserves the rite's characteristic preference for piyyutim deriving from Eretz Israel. Even by comparison to other Romaniote rite manuscripts, it contains unique elements and rare piyyutim (see below). Even when common Sephardic piyyutim are quoted, there is a marked distinction between "our custom" and the Sephardic custom (for instance, on p. 95b: "Confession for Shacharit of Yom Kippur by R. Shem Tov son of Ardutiel, which the Sephardim customarily recite in Musaf, while we do in Shacharit…"). The manuscript concludes with a separate section, "Selichot for Musaf of Yom Kippur – according to the Sephardic custom".
The two leaves at the beginning of the machzor add, in another hand, the piyyut Achot Ketanah by R. Avraham Chazan of Gerona, which was accepted mostly in the Sephardic rite but also in other communities, and is found in some Corfu rite manuscripts.
Below are examples highlighting the uniqueness of the present manuscript:
3a: The order of Rosh Hashanah night begins with "Tov Lehodot", or on Shabbat with "Baruch Hashem Asher Natan Menuchah" and Mizmor Shir LeYom HaShabbat. The piyyut "Baruch Hashem Asher Natan Menuchah" (acrostic "Sason son of Moshe", Davidson, Otzar HaShirah VehaPiyyut, II, 1405) appears only in the Aleppo rite machzor, Venice 1627, also representing an original ancient version of the Romaniote machzor.
6b-7a: The Geulah blessing recited after the evening Shema contains a unique wording, "Moses and the Children of Israel sang to You with great happiness when they emerged from the sea… From the mouths of babes and nurslings You heard song on the shore of the sea…". This text, unique to the Romaniote machzor, appears here in a different wording than that quoted by Goldschmidt (Sefunot VIII, Jerusalem, 1964, Al Machzor Romania UMinhago, p. 215).
13a-b: A prayer for minchah of the second day of Rosh Hashanah reads, "You alone are called living. May this day be the end and conclusion of all our troubles, and the beginning and commencement of our salvation" (Otzar HaShirah VehaPiyyut, addenda, I, 2306*). This formula does not appear in most Romaniote machzor sources.
14a-15a: Baruch SheAmar is recited in an extended, celebratory formula, following the Romaniote Shabbat and festival custom, with an alphabetical acrostic (with "Baruch Hu" recited after each item). The present manuscript contains the full text, which does not appear in other sources of the Romaniote machzor. The letter Shin contains a special text for the gift of Shabbat and the festival: "Blessed is He Who gave us this restful day and this Day of Remembrance… and this Day of Atonement".
86a: The petitions beginning "Eloheinu ShebaShamayim" also include "Give life and peace to our master the duke of the land".
117a (part of the Musaf kedushah): "His honor, glory and greatness fill the world…". The additional words "glory and greatness" (vehodo vegodlo) are known to Goldschmidt based on only two sources: Mss. Paris 606 and 616.
118a: The section Uvechen Tzaddikim adds the words "And may You speedily uproot and shatter the wicked and gleeful kingdom". This formula appears only in two other manuscripts: Mss. Vatican 320 and Paris 616.
161a: After the Ne'ilah prayer, specific customs are detailed, some of which appear in no other source: to distribute wax candles in order to make the Yom Kippur havdalah blessing on a pre-existing light, and to kiss each other with the wish, "May you be written in the Book of Life". A chronogram is added in another hand in lighter ink (the date referred to is unclear).
183b-184b: "Tachanun for Shabbat and Yom Kippur by R. Avraham Zafrana: Ahuvim Shnayim Nifgeshu…". A rare piyyut which apparently appears in no extant source apart from the present manuscript. In 1906, Sh. A. Wertheimer copied it from a manuscript which he reportedly found "written in a manuscript machzor… from manuscripts which were heretofore kept in the libraries of Jerusalem", but no such manuscript in the NLI is known to us. Another piyyut by R. Avraham Zafrana, Mi Kamocha VeYotzer LaBrit, is found in Ms. JTS, New York, Mic. 4181, where the poet's origin from Corfu is specifically noted (p. 221a).
[184] leaves (one leaf appears to be lacking between leaves 49-50, and another between leaves 53-54). Approx. 14 cm. Good condition. Stains, including dampstains to several leaves. Worming, affecting text in several places. Tears and open tears (mainly to inner margins of some leaves), repaired with paper. New parchment binding.
Written with the assistance of Mr. Shlomo Zucker's expert description of the manuscript (see enclosed material).
Early Manuscripts
Early Manuscripts