Auction 94 Part 1 Important Items from the Gross Family Collection
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Torah shield, "From the Synagogue of Rashkov Wallihish" (Hebrew inscription engraved on verso). Rashkov, Podolia region / Wallachia, today the Transnistria region, Moldova, dedicatory inscription dated 5581 [1821].
Silver (unmarked), repoussé, pierced, and engraved; gilt; glass stone.
Ornate Torah shield, representing a tradition of art, craftsmanship, and silversmithing characteristic of sacred Jewish objects from the southern Polish region of Galicia. Its basic structure includes a thick, gilt back plate, mostly blank, to which a silver plate – pierced with rich vegetal patterns and images of animals – is attached with screws. The images pierced onto the silver surface layer include leaves, branches, large flowers and various animals: a two-headed eagle with a bulging red glass stone in the middle; other birds; at the center, a pair of rampant lions flanking a Torah ark; a pair of deer and a unicorn flank the dome-like ornament at the bottom. Screwed onto the shield, near the top, is a large convex ornament in high relief, also in gilt, in the shape of a crown, adorned, once again, with a pair of deer. The shield's design is inspired by the design of East-European carved-wood Torah Arks, and the animal-themed ornamentation (most of all the unicorn) is typical of Galician craftsmanship.
Stamped directly onto the back plate, behind the silver plate forming the surface, are two ornaments bulging frontward in high relief; the one in the center is in the form of a Torah scroll covered by a Torah mantle bearing a Star of David; the other, beneath this, is dome-shaped and superimposed over a disk which can be rotated to show the correct (Hebrew) inscription for any particular holiday: "Rosh HaShanah", "HaSukkot", "HaMatzot" ("Passover"), and "HaShavu’ot" (with the latter inscription broken up into two separate lines); such rotating discs are not commonly found in Galician craftsmanship, and the design of this feature in the present Torah shield is more likely inspired by Moldavian-Romanian traditions.
The mantled Torah scroll is concealed inside the Torah ark, and can be revealed by opening the ark’s two doors – shaped like the Two Tablets of the Law, with the abbreviated Ten Commandments engraved upon them – by means of a tiny door handle.
An inscription on the back plate, on verso, reads as follows: "From the Synagogue of Rashkov Wallihish"; "Wallihish" is most likely a reference to the region of Wallachia which constituted an independent Romanian principality until 1859, when it united with Moldova to form the "Romanian United Principalities".
Height: 29 cm. Width: 22.5 cm. Good condition. Minor blemishes.
For comparison, see: Crowning Glory: Silver Torah Ornaments of the Jewish Museum, New York, by Rafi Grafman. Boston, David R. Godine, 1996, Nos. 186-92.
Exhibition: Reise an kein Ende der Welt. Vienna, Jüdisches Museum Wien, 2001, pp. 60-61.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 051.001.039.
This Torah shield is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 37241.
Decorated silver Torah shield bearing the inscription "Shiviti HaShem li-negdi tamid" ("I have set the Lord always before me") in addition to a dedicatory inscription. [Galicia / Poland, 19th century].
Silver (unmarked), repoussé, punched, and engraved; gilt.
Square Torah shield, with the upper part in the form of an architectonic arch. Prominently featured in the center is the Hebrew verse "Shiviti HaShem li-negdi tamid" ("I have set the Lord always before me" [Psalms 16:8]; the Divine Name and the word "tamid" are both produced in repoussé inside a bulging convex circle). This inscription is surmounted by a large, crown-shaped ornament, supported on either side by a pair of rampant lions, in turn surmounting a pair of broad architectonic columns, adorned in a vegetal-floral pattern. Between the two columns is a basket filled with an arrangement of leafy plants, flowers, and buds. The shield is framed with a decorative border with recurrent vegetal and geometric patterns. The numerous small holes along the shield’s edges – as well as the relative thinness of the object – appear to attest to the fact that it was meant to be sewn onto either a "parokhet" (Torah ark curtain) or Torah mantle.
A dedicatory inscription in Hebrew is engraved near the top of the shield, just beneath the arch: "Gift of Rabbi Shemayah Aryeh Wijsenbeek and his wife / to honor the Lord and honor the Torah with this scroll and this ornament (?)". The peculiar Hebrew spelling of the surname "Wijsenbeek" is characteristic of the Netherlands and Germany, and it does in fact seem that the person who donated the Torah shield – Rabbi Shemayah Aryeh – was the father of Rabbi Asher Wijsenbeek, who passed away in 5655 [1895] and was buried in Herwijnen, the Netherlands. Engraved on Asher’s gravestone is the following: "The Notable Rabbi Asher ben Shemayah Aryeh Binyamin Wijsenbeek / Andries Levie Wijsenbeek" (son of Semaja Wijsenbeek).
Height: 24 cm. Width: 19 cm. Overall good condition. Minor blemishes. Old fractures, professionally mended with soldering.
Reference: Siddur Klal Israel, edited by Yohanan Fried and Yoel Rappel. Tel Aviv, Mesora Laam, 1991, p. 224 (Hebrew).
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 051.001.011.
This Torah shield is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 3985.
Pair of Torah Finials. Belgrade, Serbia, [early 19th century]; one of the finials bears a dedicatory inscription dated 5561 [1801].
Cast silver, repoussé, stamped, and engraved.
A rare early example of Torah finials from Belgrade, Serbia. Jewish sacred objects from Serbia are quite uncommon to begin with, and compared to other documented objects from Serbia – or from Belgrade in particular – it would appear the finials presented here represent an especially early and opulent example. Fashioned in a style familiar from the lands of the Ottoman Empire (most notably Greece, Istanbul, and Jerusalem, among other places); the body of each finial is in the form of two flattened spheres bearing recurrent vegetal patterns; the upper portion of each finial is conical, and surmounted by a small apical ornament. Six chains with bells at their ends dangle down from the middle of the body of each finial. Bodies supported by tall shafts.
Dedicatory inscriptions (Hebrew) are engraved on the upper portions of the bodies, at the bases of the conical ornaments: "Finials of the holy society of the holy congregation of Bielogrado, may the Lord protect her, Year 5561 [1801]" on one, and "Finials from the holy society of the holy congregation of Bielogrado, may the Lord protect her" on the other. The minor differences in the shape of the Hebrew letters and the wording of the respective inscriptions on the two finials attest to the likelihood that they were in fact engraved by different silversmiths, or perhaps at different times.
Height: approx. 44 cm. Good condition. The shafts of the finials and the small apical ornaments surmounting them may have been exchanged.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 050.001.107.
This pair of Torah finials is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 37161.
Pair of Torah finials. The Far East [probably China, late 19th or early 20th century].
Cast silver, soldered, repoussé and engraved (unmarked).
Pair of Torah finials, each consisting of three parts soldered one to the other: a cylindrical shaft, a somewhat squat, quasi-spherical body, and a large, bud-shaped ornament at the apex. The body is adorned with a pattern of branches with leaves and flowers of a type which also appears on Torah cases from the Far East, specifically India, Burma, and China. Ten chains with bells at their ends dangle from the tops of the bodies of each finial. The apical ornament is bud-shaped and reminiscent of a lotus flower.
The collection of the Israel Museum, Jerusalem, includes two Torah cases used by the Iraqi-Jewish community of Calcutta (today Kolkata), India, but made in China (item nos. B94.0540, B94.0656). The decorative patterns on these Torah cases is quite similar to those on the Torah finials presented here.
Height: 18 cm. Good condition.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 050.001.103.
This pair of Torah finials is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 37159.
Torah pointer, with a plaque bearing a dedicatory inscription. Shanghai, China, [first decades of the 20th century].
Silver (marked), cast, lathed, and engraved (pointer with maker’s mark of Zee Sung, who was active in Shanghai in the first half of the 20th century; dedicatory inscription marked with Chinese mark).
Long, slender Torah pointer, gently tapering toward end point. Most of the length of the shaft is encircled by pairs of incised bands reminiscent of the bands on a bamboo reed; such a decorative pattern also appears on the handles of Esther scroll cases from China. Suspended from the loop at the handle end of the pointer is a plaque, shaped like a shield, with a pattern of branches and leaves, and with an engraved inscription in the middle: "For the eternal rest of … Yosef Rahamim Eliyahu, may he find rest in Eden". In all likelihood, this Torah pointer was used by members of one of the Iraqi-Jewish communities of the Far East – either China, India, or Burma.
Length of pointer: 30.5 cm. Dedicatory plaque: 5X6 cm. Good condition.
Reference: Haggadah de Pessah, En hommage aux Juifs d'Inde. Lod, 2010, pp. 82-83.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 052.001.117.
This pair of Torah finials is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 37277.
Pair of Torah finials (in Hebrew, "tapuhim" or "rimmonim"). Morocco, [probably the Tafilalt region, 19th century].
Silver, cast and pierced; chased; gilt; brass, cast and engraved; glass stones.
A pair of Torah finials adorned with vegetal patterns (some chased, others cast), pierced ornaments, and colored glass stones. The bodies of the finials each consist of two decorated silver plates connected by a decorated widthwise central band (probably made of brass) that imparts a dimension of depth to the objects. Supported by long, cylindrical shafts with broad bases.
This pair of Torah finials beautifully typifies a model familiar to us from the regions of Tafilalt and Sefrou in the 19th and 20th centuries. The pair presented here is the product of a high standard of craftsmanship; the shafts are chased with precision, and the bodies are fitted with colored glass stones, the largest of them in red and green, as typical of Moroccan silversmithing.
Rare. Only a handful of Moroccan "tapuhim" of this type are known.
Height: 26.5 cm. Numerous soldering repairs. Missing glass stones. Warping. One of side ornaments broken. Bell chains missing. One apical ornament reconstructed.
See: Jewish Life in Morocco, edited by Aviva Müller-Lancet. Jerusalem, the Israel Museum, 1983, item no. B63.11.3282 (a-b) (Hebrew).
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, item no. 050.001.050.
This pair of Torah finials is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 341910.
Kindling goblet or memorial lamp for the synagogue (known locally as "kas or "kas di-se’il"). Morocco, [ca. 1900].
Brass, cast, engraved, and chased; painted glass.
Large memorial lamp dedicated to the memory of Rabbi Yaakov Abuhatzeira, also known as the "Abir Yaakov" – one of the patriarchs of the renowned Abuhatzeira rabbinic dynasty, and among the greatest of Moroccan Jewish spiritual leaders. Suspended from an ornament in the form of a "hamsa", with the thumb pointing sideways, bearing vegetal and geometric decorative patterns alongside the following inscription: "To the transcendence of the soul of the great rabbi of the boldest / and greatest of the holy righteous / … the divine kabbalist / the Great Light, our honored teacher, Rabbi Yaakov Abuhatzeira, his memory till life in the World to Come, may his virtue protect us, Amen, may it be Thy will, Amen". The glass oil pitcher (added later) is decorated (painted) and is suspended from five chains.
Rabbi Yaakov Abuhatzeira, commonly referred to as the "Abir Yaakov" (1806-1880), gained recognition at an early age as being a prodigy, a genius, a holy man and kabbalist. As Chief Rabbi and Head of the Rabbinical Court of the Tafilalt region of Morocco (home to the main Jewish community of the Ziz River Valley of southern Morocco), he was regarded as the greatest of halakhic adjudicators of his generation, and through his halakhic responsa, he maintained contacts and exerted influence over the greatest of rabbis of North Africa. He was the subject of numerous miraculous tales; for instance, it has been told that he bore witness to a revelation of the Prophet Elijah. The "Abir Yaakov" was also highly regarded by Muslim Moroccans, who reverently referred to him as "Al-Hazan al-Kabir" – "The Great Rabbi". Yaakov Abuhatzeira passed away en route to the Land of Israel, and was interred in the city of Damanhour, Egypt. Dozens of "piyutim" (liturgical poems) – some of them popular among Jews of Moroccan origin till this day – were composed in his honor and in his memory. The famous portrait of him, seated cross-legged with a holy book in his hands, appeared on walls of Jewish homes all over Morocco, and it continues to do so today in numerous homes of Israelis of Moroccan origin. His sons and grandsons were similarly renowned for their saintliness and erudition; the most famous of them were Rabbi Israel Abuhatzeira (the so-called "Baba Sali") and his brother Rabbi Yitzhak (the so-called "Baba Haki"); Rabbi Meir ("Baba Meir"); and dozens of other well-known rabbinical figures belonging to the Abuhatzeira clan.
Height (including glass oil pitcher): approx. 84 cm. Diameter of glass oil pitcher: 21.5 cm. Overall good condition.
Exhibitions:
1. Jewish Life in Morocco, edited by Aviva Müller-Lancet. Jerusalem, the Israel Museum, 1983, pp. 40-45 (Hebrew).
2. Great Jewish Treasures, by Moshe Bamberger. New York, 2015, pp. 56-57.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 118.002.005.
Pair of decorated Tefillin boxes. Memel, East Prussia (today: Klaipėda, Lithuania), 1843.
Silver, cut, soldered and engraved (fully marked, including marks for city, year [the letter A], quality and maker – Evers – Jacob Albrecht Evers); granulation; gilding.
Elegant Tefillin boxes ("Batei Tefillin"). Designed as square boxes, with an openable base, attached with hinges. Decorated with repeating and matching vegetal and geometric patterns, and miniscule silver spherules (granulation). Some of the decorations are nicely gilded.
A pair of Tefillin boxes identical to this pair is documented by Prof. Franz Landsberger in his book "Einführung in die Jüdische Kunst"; the pair documented in Landsberger's book was kept in the collection of the Jewish Museum in Berlin, which was closed down in 1938 and most of whose exhibits were since lost.
Height: 6 cm; length: 9 cm; width: 6.5 cm. Good condition.
Reference and exhibition:
1. Einführung in die Jüdische Kunst, by Franz Landsberger. Berlin, Philo, 1935. Plate 6, pic. 12.
2. Jodendom: een boek vol verhalen. Amsterdam, De Nieuwe Kerk, 2011-2012.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 018.001.006.
This item is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 35930.
Amulet case. [Venice, Italy, 18th century].
Silver, repoussé and engraved (unmarked).
Two-sided amulet case, adorned with rocailles and Rococo-style vegetal patterns and other motifs.
The crown-like ornament near the top is surmounted by a clover-shaped suspension ring. At the bottom is a cluster of grapes, symbolizing fertility and abundance. A heart-shaped cartouche inscribed with God’s name ("Shaddai") appears on both sides. Next to this are various ornaments, including, on one side, to the right, a priestly head covering also bearing the Godly name "Shaddai", and to the left, the Two Tablets of the Law inscribed with the abbreviated Ten Commandments; and on the other side, the seven-branched Menorah to the right and an incense burner to the left.
Cases of this sort were used for keeping amulets, folded up and housed in the inner chamber. Some amulets were written with a particular individual in mind, whereas others were intended for a specific purpose. Such amulets would typically be exchanged when the case changed hands. Over time, the cases themselves began serving as amulets.
Height: 12.5 cm. Width: 9 cm. Overall good condition.
Reference: La menorà: culto, storia e mito, edited by Alessandra Di Castro, Francesco Leone, Arnold Nesselrath. Milano, Skira, 2017, p. 124.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 027.001.238.
This amulet case is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 36169.
Ornately decorated silver book binding, with dedicatory inscription. [Ottoman Empire, possibly Bulgaria, 5578 – 1818; additional inscription dated 5656 – 1896].
Cast silver (unmarked), cut, repoussé and engraved.
Elegant book binding (for either a "siddur" or "mahzor"), adorned on either side with vegetal patterns in a symmetrical layout characteristic of the Ottoman Empire, and in particular, of decorative patterns stamped on Ottoman book bindings.
The spine is divided into six rectangular sections, and bears a repoussé dedicatory inscription in fancy letters: A later, two-part inscription is engraved on the front and back of the binding, relating to a second owner, Avraham Shlomo Reuven: "Avraham Shlomo / 5656 [1896]" on the front, and "Riubin [Reuben] may the Lord protect and preserve him" on the back.
Families with the surnames Biti and Reuven were known to have resided in the city of Skopje, Bulgaria (today the capital of North Macedonia). Skopje – where Jewish settlement dates back to the 3rd century CE – is therefore quite likely the provenance of this particular book binding.
Decorative patterns similar to those here are known to appear on Jewish sacred objects from the Ottoman Empire, for instance, on Torah shields, Torah crowns, "parokhot" (Torah ark curtains), and embroidered tablecloths. Nevertheless, Jewish silver book bindings originating from the lands of the Ottoman Empire are by no means common, and ones boasting such a high standard of elegance and craftsmanship are indeed rare.
Height: 17.5 cm. Width: 12.5 cm. Thickness: 4 cm. Good condition. No book.
Reference and Exhibitions:
1. Sephatdic Jews in the Ottoman Empire. Jerusalem, the Israel Museum, 1989 (Hebrew).
2. The Sephardic Journey: 1492-1992, edited by Marc Engel, Shalom Sabar and Chaya Benjamin. New York, Yeshiva University Museum, 1992, p. 225, no. 136.
3. Reise an kein Ende der Welt. Vienna, Jüdisches Museum Wien, 2001, pp. 74-75.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 025.001.009.
This book binding is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 3900.
Exceptionally large, decorated jewelry box. Damascus, Syria, 5665 [1905].
Cast brass, inlaid with copper and silver (Damascening); silver inlaid with gold; chased; rivets; cedar wood.
Exceptionally large, weighty ornate jewelry box, inscribed with greetings in Hebrew and Arabic. A high-quality example, inscribed with a date, of specifically Jewish Damascene craftsmanship involving metal inlay. May have been presented as an engagement or wedding gift.
Massively heavy rectangular box made of cedar wood dressed with thick sheets of brass, inlaid with silver and copper; with a heavy lid, connected by rotating hinges; supported on four tall, fancy, angular legs, positioned at the four corners of the base.
Richly decorated using a variety of techniques and patterns; the brass sections not inlaid with silver or copper are densely adorned with chased vegetal patterns. At the center of the front surface is an inlaid oval-shaped silver medallion with an Arabic inscription, flanked by round silver medallions with arabesques, all encircled by additional silver ornaments with vegetal patterns. Inlaid at the center of the surface of either side are round silver medallions with Arabic inscriptions. The rear surface, like the front, has an inlaid oval-shaped silver medallion with an Arabic inscription, but is flanked by a pair of large arabesques, and no round medallions. Inlaid at the opposite ends of the surface of the lid are a pair of round silver medallions bearing Arabic inscriptions, each surrounded by four silver corner ornaments, each with a segment of the following Hebrew inscriptions: "Ben Porat / Yosef / [Hebrew] Year / 5665 [1905]" and "Ben Porat / … / ‘Esek Yisrael BeDamesek’ [Jewish Business in Damascus (?)]". The Arabic inscriptions include brief aphorisms and words of wisdom and faith, such as "All is from God", "The Lord will protect", "One who is satisfied with his lot is as [one who] owns a treasure", "Nothing is forever", etc. All inscriptions – as well as some of the ornaments – are inlaid with gold.
Height: 16 cm. Length: 10.5 cm. Width: 22.5 cm. Overall good condition
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 103.002.001.
This jewelry box is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 37600.
"Juifs Polonais", Plate bearing images of Polish Jews. Paris, [ca. 1816-20].
Hard-paste porcelain, painted, gilded, and glazed; marked on verso with the letter "M" and with a maker’s mark (faded and difficult to decipher) that appears to read "M.ture de MADAME. / Duchesse d'Angouleme / P.L. Dagoty E. Honore / a Paris".
At the center of the plate, over a white background, is an illustration of two individuals, wearing the costume typical of early 19th century Polish Jews, engrossed in conversation while standing in an open field. Underneath the illustration is an inscription in gilt lettering: "Juifs Polonais" ("Polish Jews"). The rim is greenish-colored with a recurrent vegetal pattern in gilt. A gilt band and pattern also adorn the inner rim.
The porcelain tableware produced in Paris’s Dagoty et Honoré workshop was renowned for its exquisitely high quality, for its elegant decorative patterns, and for its bold colors. The artwork, illustrations, and imagery covered a broad range of genres, subjects and themes, and included landscapes, plants, animals, literary scenes, the Franco-Prussian War (1812), scenes inspired by Chinese and Far Eastern literature ("Chinoiserie"), and more.
In all likelihood, the present plate was created as part of a 12-piece set specifically dedicated by the workshop to figures representing various nations from around the world. Nevertheless, to the best of our knowledge, this particular plate and just one additional plate of its kind (see following item) are the only Dagoty et Honoré plates featuring Jewish figures or subject matter.
The Dagoty et Honoré workshop was founded in Paris by Pierre-Louis Dagoty (1771-1840) in 1800. Thereafter, in 1804, it gained the sponsorship of Empress Joséphine de Beauharnais, whereupon it began supplying its merchandise to the Palace of Versailles. Following the defeat of Napoleon in 1815, the workshop began operating under the auspices of the French princess, Marie-Thérèse Charlotte, Duchesse d'Angouleme, and between the years 1816 and 1820, it worked in collaboration with Edouard Honoré. The mark which appears on the back of the present plate can be dated to those years, 1816-20, and it thus corresponds to this period of collaboration.
For comparison, see: Christie’s, New York, May 18, 2005, "Important European Furniture, Works of Art and Carpets", lot no. 97.
Diameter: 23 cm. Good condition. Minor blemishes. Remnants of glue on verso.
Provenance: The Gross Family Collection, Tel Aviv, 022.006.007.
This plate is documented on the Center for Jewish Art (CJA) website, item no. 41238.